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SKETCHES AND VIEWS 
POINTS OF INTEREST 



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RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 



^^=^^"^3^=^ 



DESCRIPTION AND MAP 
HISTORIC BATTLEFIELDS 



M. A. BURGESS, Publisher 
Richmond, Va., 1903 






THE LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 

Two Copies Received 

m 22 1903 

Copyiignt hntry 
^LASS «-XXc. No. 

4 -3 ^ 5 i 

COPY B. 




FROM THE PRESSOR 
CLYDE W. SAUNDERS 
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 




WILLIAM BYRD, 
Founder of Kichmonrl. 



COPYRIGHT APPLIED FOR 




ICHMOND ON THE JAMES" is one 
of the most interesting historical 
cities in the United States. The 
natural beauty of this city on hnr 
"seven hills" excites surprise — 
I ! hills and dales, and the beauti- 

ful "falls of the James" are 
objects that please the eye, and 
travelers are loud in their praises 
of the beauty of this lovely city of the South. Nature 
has done much to beautify Richmond — but it is not the 
beauty of the city alone that calls forth the admiration 
of all wlio come within her borders, but the fact that 
its early history is so fraught with stirring scenes of 
frontier life and romantic incidents that their recital 
must form a pleasing link between the old era of the 
seventeenth century and the new era which began with 
the Civil War nearly one hundred years later. 

The site of the city of Richmond is upon the very spot 
occupied not only by the most famous Indian tribes 
known to history (under the mighty king Powhatan, 
father of Pocahontas), but the first English settlers, who, 
after depositing their goods and families at Jamestown, 
continued their journey up the James river to Rich- 
mond, where the, falls of the river made it impossible 
for them to proceed further', 



6 Richmond 

Tradition tells us the mighty chief Powhatan had his 
camping ground very near the city, and his tomb is 
pointed out to visitors just below the city on what is 
known as the "Mayo home.'^ 

Here also the British soldiers marched when Arnold 
and Tarleton invaded Richmond in the last year of the 
Revolutionary War. 

The "C^apitol Square" was also the place from whicii 
many of the Confederate soldiers of the late war were 
mustered into service — under Lee and Jackson. 

The object of this little book is to furnish to the 
traveler facts in the early history of Richmond, its many 
places of interest as well as an up-to-date guide to the 
city, and to extend to all a "welcome, thrice welcome, to 
Richmond !*' 

"Richmond on the James'" is situated at the head of 
tidewater, one hundred miles from Xewport News, which 
is a great shipbuilding point. 

The site on which Richmond is built was discovered 
by NeAvport and Capt. John Smith in 1607. 

Col. William Byrd founded Richmond in 1T3T, and in 
1742 it was incorporated into a town. 

In 1779 the capitol, which had been until then in 
W^illiamsburg, was moved to Richmond. The founda- 
tion of the present Capitol Building was laid in 1785 
and completed in 1792, the model from which it was 
built being one made in France for Thomas Jefferson, 
which is now carefully preserved in the State Library, 



x^ICHMOND 7 

where it is the object of iiinch interest to the crowds of 
visitors who visit there. Richmond was incorporated 
into a city in 1782^ at which time there were compara- 
tively few houses with a population of a little over three 
thousand. 




WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



In 1811 the burning of the theater was one of the 
greatest calamities that ever befell the city. The Gov- 
ernor of the State, with seventy other persons, per- 
ished. 



8 



Richmond 



St. John's Church, Twenty-fifth and Broad streets, 
is a place of much interest, wliere, in 1775, the Con- 
vention met in which Patrick Henry made his famous 
speech and sounded the keynote of American liberty 
when he said, "Give me liberty or give me death.'' 




POST OFP^ICE. 

Other dates of interest will be found throughout this 
book, the most important being illustrated with special 
cuts and information that has been furnished by the 
highest authority. 

This book would liardly be complete without special 



Richmond 9 

mention of the squirrels in the Capitol Square. They 
are fed each day by a convict, who gives them cracked 
walnuts and hickory nuts. A whistle is blown, to which 
they respond as readily as the human family would to 
a dinner bell. They are a constant source of delight to 
the visitors and children, and are exceedingly tame. 

x\fter visiting the Capitol and State Library the 
stranger is in the near vicinity of a great many points 
of interest, which can be visited l)y the aid of this guide 
l)ook with all ease. 

Richmond is a growing city, and it is hard to realize, 
as you see the magnificent buildings erected or in pro- 
cess of erection, that in 1865 it was almost destroyed 
by fire during the evacuation, when the Federal troops 
were entering the city. A great many fine views are to 
be had from the hills about the city and from the top 
of the Capitol Building and the tower in the City Hall. 
James river can be traced for miles as it flows on to 
join the waters of Chesapeake Bay. 

Over the roads leading into the city from every direc- 
tion marched the weary soldiers of both armies during 
the late war, and near the river just below Gallego Mills 
is the site of Libby Prison, which was moved to Chicago 
during the World's Fair. The ground is now occupied 
by an ice plant. 

Around the cit}', almost within its corporate limits, 
are still to be seen "breast works" thrown out by the 
armies camping around the city as a defense. Bullets, 



10 



Richmond 



balls and buckles are dug from these em])ankments. 
Within a short distance from the city were fought the 
battles of Yellow Tavern, Cold Harbor, Seven Pines, 
Strawberry Hill, Malvern Hill, Mechanics vi lie, Graine's 
Mill and Savage Station. The history of the Seven 
Days' Fight around Richmond is written in blood ! 

Monuments. 

Richmond, in its eagerness to do honor to its heroes, 
will soon outrival the famous "Monumental Citv.'' The 




J. E. n. STUAKT. 



first in importance is the statue of Washington, by 
Crawford. The corner-stone was laid in 1850, February 
15th. It was dedicated Februarv 22, 1858. The monu- 




WASHINGTON, by Houdon. 



12 



Richmond 



ment is sixty feet in height and was built at a cost of 
$260,000. 




CONFEDEKATE SOLDIERS, 
HoHywood Cemetery. 



A beautiful statue of Washington, made by Houdon, 
the French artist, is seen in the rotunda of the Capitol. 



Richmond 



18 



rt is said Washington himself viewed the statue from 
the southwest corner of the C*apitol Buihling. 




HOWTTZEHS^ MONUMENT. 



The Stonewell Jackson Monument, also seen direectly 
opposite the City Hall, in the Capitol grounds, is a fine 
work of art in bronze. It was the gift of English ad- 



14 



Richmond 



mirers and the work of the sculptor Foley. The statue 
was dedicated October 36, 1875. 





A. p. HILJ 



Henry Clay's monument^ also seen in the Capitol 
Square, is a beautiful statue by Hart, and was dedi- 
cated in 1860. 



Richmond 15 

Lee Moiiunient, situated in wliat is known as ^'Lee 
District,'' in the western part of the city, is the work 
of Mercie, a French sculptor, and is a fine work of art. 

The Howitzer's statue, in hronze, was designed by 
W. L. Sheppard, a "Richmond artist. 

A fine statue to General Wickham is seen in Monroe 
Park. It was desioued l)y E. Y. Valeutiue, of Rich- 
mond. 

The statue to A. P. Hill is on the drive from the 
Boulevard to the Brook road. 

The monuuumt to the Confederate dead, in Holly- 
wood Cemetery, is built of A^ir^inia o'ranite and is an ini- 
posing statue. 

The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, in Libby Hill 
Park, was designed by W. L. Sheppard, of Richmond, 
and is a tribute to the private soldiers and sailors of the 
Confederacy. The view from Libby Hill is one of the 
finest to be had in the city, and crowds during the sum- 
mer season take advantage of the pleasant seats fur- 
nished in the park. 

State Library. 

The portraits seen in the State Library are persons 
connected with Virginia's history from its infancy to 
the present day, and are arranged as follows: 

Henry Lee, father of Gen. R. E. Lee, author of the 
famous phrase in pronouncing a eulogy on Washington, 
^^First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his 



16 



Richmond 



country men," Governor of Virginia from 1792 to 1795, 
died March 25, 1818, copied from the original Stuart 
painting by W. L. Sheppard. 




SPEAKER'S CHAIR (House of Burgesses) 

John Robinson, Speaker House of Burgesses for 
twenty-eight years, died 1694. 



Richmond 17 

Lord Howard, commissioned Governor of Virginia 
1683, from the original by W. Jj. Sheppard. 

John Smith, of Pocahontas fame, Governor of Vir- 
ginia in early Colonial days, died 1632, portrait by 
Sheppard. 

George Rogers Clark, born 1752, died 1818, hero of 
the Northwestern Expeditions. 

John Randolph, of Roanoke, born Jnne 2, 1773, died 
June 2-1, 1833, a famous Virginia orator. 

Lord Delaware, appointed Governor of Virginia 1610, 
died June 8, 1618, picture copied by Sheppard. 

Lord Dunmore, born 1732, last royal Governor of Vir- 
ginia, died 1790. 

John Taylor, of Caroline county, Va. 

Mary Randolph, of Curls Xeck, Va., wife of Col. A. 
Gary. ^ 

Richard Henry Lee, father of Henry Lee. 

General Elliott. 

Thomas Lee. 

Peter Francisco, a Virginia giant of Revohitionary 
fame, weighing 260 pounds and six feet and one inch- 
in height, died January 17, 1831. 

Lord Culpeper, Governor of Virginia, 1680 to 1683; 
died 1719. 

Lord Spotswood, appointed Royal Governor of Vir- 
ginia 1710, remaining until 1722. 

Lady Spotswood. 

James Madison, President of the United States. 



18 Richmond 

Percy , Brigadier-General in Revolutionar}' 

War. 

William Nelson, born 1711, died 1772, Royal Gover- 
nor of Virginia. 

Chief-Justice John IMarshaJl, born September 24, 
1755, died July 6, 1835. 

John Page, Lieutenant-Governor of the State and 
afterward elected Governor, born April 17. 1743, died 
October 11, 1808. 

Thomas Nelson, Governor of A^irginia, born Decem- 
ber 20, 1738, portrait by Sheppard. 

John Tyler, Sr., born February 28, 1747, died Janu- 
ary 6, 1813, Governor of Virginia in 1808. 

John Tyler, President of the United States. 

James Monroe, President of the United States, born 
April 25, 1758, died July 4, 1831. 

Pocahontas, from the original })ainting shown in 
Barton Rectory, England, taken from life in 1616, 
copied by Sheppard; Pocahontas was l)orn about 1595. 

Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, 
born April 13, 1742, died July 4, 1826; was also Gover- 
nor of Virginia and author of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. 

Patrick Henry, born May 29, 1736, died June 6, 1799, 
portrait by Sully. 

Henry Clay, born April 2, 1777, died June 29, 1852. 

William Smith, born September 6, 1797, Governor of 
Virginia in 1845 and again in 1863, died May 18, 1887. 



Richmond 



19 



George Mason^ born 1725^ author of Virginia Bill of 
Rights. 

George W. Smith, born 1762, died 1811, Governor of 
Virginia, following James Monroe; lost his life in the 
burning of the theatre in 1811. 

Edmond Randolph, born August 10, 1753, Gover- 




STATE LinKAHV. 



nor of A^irginia 1786 to 1788, first Attorney-General in 
1789. 

Robert Brooke, born 1754, died 1799, Governor of 
Virginia 1796 to 1798, portrait by Sheppard. 



20 Richmond 

John B. Floyd, born 1806, died 1863, Governor of 
Virginia 1849 to 1853. 

John Floyd, born 1783, died 1837, Governor of Vir- 
ginia 1830 to 183-4. 

Joseph Johnson, born 1785, died 1877, Governor of 
Virginia. 

Wyndham Eobertson, born 1803, died 1888, Governor 
of Virginia. 

James Barbour, born 1775, died 1842, Governor of 
Virginia in 1811. 

Wm. B. Giles, born 1762, died 1830. 

Wm. H. Eoane, born 1788, died 1845. 

James McDowell, born 1795, died 1851, Governor of 
Virginia from 1843 to 1846. 

John Eutherfoord, born 1792, died 1866, Governor 
of Aarginia 1841. 

Gilbert C. Walker, born 1832, died 1885, Governor of 
Virginia 1864, first Governor after the Avar during the 
"Eeconstrnetion Period," native of Xew York. 

Thomas W. Gilmer, born 1802, died 1844. 

Littleton W. Tazewell, born 1774, died 1860, Gover- 
nor of Virginia from 1834 to 1836. 

David Campbell, born 1779, died 1859, Governor of 
Virginia from 1836 to 1840. 

William H. Cabell, born 1772, died 1853, Governor of 
Virginia 1805 to 1808. 

James P. Preston, born 1774, died 1843, Governor of 
Virginia 1816 to 1819. 



Richmond 21 

Henry A. Wise, born 1802, died 1876, Governor of 
Virginia 1855 to 1859, portrait by Elder. 

George Washington, first President of the United 
States, born 1732, died 1799. 

Martha Washington, born 1732, died 1802. 

Merriwether Lewis, born 1774, died 1809. He, in 
company with Clarke, went as an explorer through the 
Avestern part of the United States. 

Thomas J. Jackson, born 1824, died 1863, mortally 
wounded by his own men, who mistook him for an 
enemy; was wounded at the battle of Chancellorsville, 
May 2, 1863. 

James L. Kemper, born 1823, Governor of Virginia 
in 1874. 

John Letcher, born 1813, died 1884, Governor of Vir- 
ginia 1859 to 1863. 

"Jeb" Stuart, born 1833, died 1864; mortally 
wounded at the battle of Yellow Tavern. 

Eobert E. Lee, born 1807, died October 12, 1870, Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Confederate States, portrait by 
Elder. 

William S. Archer, born 1789, died 1855, United 
States Senator 1841 to 1847. 

Edward Johnson, born 1816, died 1873, Major-Gen- 
eral in Confederate army. 

Joseph E. Johnston, born 1807, died 1891, general in 
Confederate army.. 

George E. Pickett, born 1825, died 1875, general in 



22 



Richmond 



Confederate army, and immortalized himself by his fa- 
mous charge at Gettysburg. 

John Buchanan, born 1743, died 1823, rector of the 
Episcopal Church of Eichmond. 

George W. Munford. born 1803, died 1883. 




THE OLD STOVE. 



Fitzhugh Lee, born 1835, Governor of Virginia from 
1886 to 1890; was also appointed to charge of the 
island of Cuba by the President of the United States 
after the Spanish-American War. 



Richmond 23 

Philip W. Mcivinney, born 1834, Governor of Vir- 
ginia 1890 to. 1894. 

Charles T. O'Ferrall, (jrovernor of Virginia from 
1894 to 1898. 

J. Hoge Tyler, Governor of A'irginia. 

A. P. Hill, born 1825, killed near Petersburg, 1865. 

W. H. Harrison, President of the United States. 

James Jones, died 1848, member of Congress 1819 to 
1823. 

Mathew F. ^laury, born 1806, died 1873, Commander 
of the United States Navy. 

John Letcher, Governor of Virginia 1859 to 1863. 

Black Hawk, with two other Indian chiefs. 

William Cameron, Governor of Virginia, portrait by 
Sheppard. 

J. D. Blair, a noted Presbyterian divine. 

Count Rochambeau, who commanded the French 
forces at Yorktown in 1781. 

Fred W. M. Holliday, Governor of Virginia from 
1878 to 1882. 

Dr. John A. Broaddus, a celebrated Baptist divine. 

John K. Thojupson, editor of Southeni Litcrarfj Mes- 
senger, born 1823, died 1873. 

William Cabell Pdves, born 1793, died 1868. Fnited 
States Senator. 

Some very ancient maps are shown dating back -o 
1600 ; one is the work of Capt. John Smith. 

The traveler visiting the library will find souvenirs of 
historic interest to be had at reasonable prices. 



24 Richmond 

The State Library Building is an annex to the Capi- 
tol Building. The portraits wliich used to adorn the ro- 
tunda in the Capital are now placed on exhibition in the 
library, as are also the books, of which there are about 
80,000 volumes, which made a great weight on the floor 
of the old building. 

In a large show-case in the Library Building may be 
seen the following interesting articles : The model of the 
Capitol made for Thomas Jeiferson while he was Minis- 
ter to France, in 1785 ; the flag of the Confederacy, used 
on the State house during the war; cane of Patrick 
Henry, with sword enclosed ; horn drinking cup of Lord 
Cornwallis taken at Yorktown 1781; revolutionary flag; 
gun from battlefield of the Crater ; canteen taken from 
the body of a dead I'nion soldier at Spotsylvania Court- 
house; pike of John Brown taken at Harpers Ferry in 
1859 by Co]. R. E. Lee; Peter Francisco's sword; seal 
of the Confederacy; breast plate taken from the body 
of a dead Union soldier after the battle of Seven Pines ; 
and numerous other things. The chair and desk of Pat- 
rick Henr}^ are also in the library. 

A most fearful disaster occurred in the Capitol Build- 
ing April 27, 1870, in which sixty-five persons were 
killed. It was during a session of court in which the 
question of "Carpet Bag" was being discussed, and an 
immense crowd had gathered in the gallery in the House 
of Delegates and the unusual weight caused the floor 
to give way. It fell into the hall below and buried them 
under the timbers. Many persons were badly injured. 



Richmond 25 

In the rotunda of the Capitol la seen the famous 
Speakers Chair used in tlie House of Burgesses at Wil- 
liamsburg and said to have been presented by Queen 
Anne. The old srove ealled a "warming machine" is 
also seen. It was made in London in 1770. 

A great many interesting historical papers are seen 
in the State Library, among which is the original parole 
of Lord Cornwall is, Avritttn in 1781, at the surrender of 
Yorktown, and signed by (^)rnwallis. Origin of the 
''^tars and stripes,'' taken from the coat-of-arms of the 
\Va shi ngton family. 

Autograph letters of Jjafayette, George Washington, 
H. E. Lee, Daniel Boone, Edgar Allen Poe and many 
others; the bail bond of Jefferson Davis, signed by 
Horace Greeley and Cornelius Vanderbilt and others, is 
seen. The marriage bond of Thomas Jefferson and the 
last letter written by Stonewall Jackson (just before he 
was fatally wounded) to General Lee is seen in a f ram \ 
Silhouettes of John Randolph, John Marshall and num- 
bers of small i)ictures are among the collection. In the 
cntiance to the library is seen a painting of the bom- 
bardnu'nt of Fort Sumter and the picture of Edniond 
K*uflin, who hred the lirst gun; Jeff' Davis and his gen- 
erals and a nund)er of othcM- ])ictui-es of historic inter- 
est are seen. 

The agricultural department in the Library Building 
is under the management of the Commissioner of Agri- 
culture, and is a most interesting place to visitors. In 



26 Richmond 

large glass cases are shown the various fruits of Vir- 
ginia made in wax. They are very life-like in appear- 
ance. Grains, minerals, shells, marbles, gold and iron 
ores are to be seen, and some beautiful specimens of 
mica. The collection embraces every known product of 
the State from the mountains to the sea, and no one 
should fail to visit the agricultural department. 

The Library Building also contains many other State 
offices, viz., Railroad Commissioner, Superintendent 
Public Instruction, Attorney- General, Auditor, Law 
Library, Adjutant-General, Supreme Court room and 
several others. 

The streets of Richmond are divided by IMain street 
into north and south, those above Main being called 
'■north Xinth" or "Tenth," as the case may be, and are 
cross streets, and are designated numerically. Those 
running parallel with Main are called by name in the 
following order: C'lry, Main, Franklin, Grace, Broad, 
Marshall, Clay and J^eigh. Foushee street is the divid- 
ing line, as streets east of Foushee are called East Main 
and those west of it are called West Main, etc. The 
crossings are marked by small tin signs on lamp-posts. 

A great many parks adorn tlie city, which are great 
places of lesort during the summer. "■0})en-air" con- 
certs are furnished by the bands of the city at the dif- 
ferent parks, which are provided at the expense of the 
city. Til ere are eight public parks in the city. 

The City Hall is directly opposite the Capitol Square, 



Richmond 21 

and is a most imposing and beautiful structure. It is 
l»uilt of Richmond granite and cost $1,500,000. Tt is 
five stories in lieigiit and snrinonnted bv a tower 180 
feet higli. 

The ''White House of the Confederac}'" is also near, 
at tlie corner of Twelfth and Clay, and was the home 
of President Davis during his official life in Eichmond. 
It is now used as the Confederate Museum. 

Tlie street car system of the city is not surpassed by 
any city in tlie Union, Richmond being the first city fco 
have the electric cars running for any great length. The 
conductors are polite and attentive to strangers, and 
persons are enabled to find their way about the city with 
ease. The car lines extend to Seven Pines battle- 
field and to all points of interest around the city. 
There is also a line running to Petersburg, and persons 
taking this line can visit the famous battle-field of the 
Crater. Transfers from one ( . r line to another are 
given without extra charge, and Richmond may be 
justly proud of her street car service and polite and 
gentlemanly officers. 

Hacks and carriages will be found at the hotels, and 
lined up around the Capitol Square may be found many 
cabs and carriages driven by old coachmen who were 
slaves "befo' de wah.'' 

Taking the car on Broad or Main street the traveler 
can conveniently visit old St. John^s Church, which 
is immortalized by the fact that herein Patrick Henry 



28 



Richmond 



delivered his famous speech, "Give me liberty or give 
me death," and the pew in which he stood is marked and 
shown to visitors. There are many cnrious epitaphs in 
this old cemetery in which the church is situated, and 
some of the tombs are very unique. The oldest grave 




OLD MASONIC HALL, Franklin near Nineteenth. 

in the cemetery is that of Robert Rose, rector, dated 
"June 30th, 1751." 

Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument is on Libby Hill 
near St. John's Church. 

Chimborazo Park is near Libby Hill, and daring the 



Richmond 



29 



late war the largest Confederate hospital in the city was 
in this park. 

Oakwood Cemetery, nearby the park^ contains the 
graves of 16,000 Confederate soldiers. 

The ^^Washington Headquarters;" on Twentieth and 




lilii^ 




MA^nNK ll-.M I'M':. l',ro;nl cdnier Adams. 

^lain streets, is the oldest building in the city, and said 
to be used by George A\^ashington. It is now used as a 
museum. 

The old Masonic Hall, on Franklin and Nineteenth 



30 Richmond 

streets, is the oldest one in the country, its corner-stone 
being laid in 1785, wherein a reception was given Gen- 
eral Lafayette on his visit to the United States. 

Eichmond is well supplied with banks, which are situ- 
ated along Main street. 

The Chamber of Commerce is one of the finest build- 
ings in that line in the South. It was erected inl893. 

One of the most historic churches in Eichmond is St. 
PauFs Episcopal. It was here a telegram from General 
Lee was received by Jefferson Davis (as he was attending 
service) that Eichmond must be evacuated. It was 
done, and the Union troops at once entered the city. 
Eichmond was evacuated April 2, 1865. 

The "Virginia Historical" building, on Franklin 
street between Eighth and Ninth, was the home of Gen. 
E. E. Lee during his stay in Eichmond. It is now a 
museum of portraits, and has a valuable library. 

The Young Men's Christian Association is doing a 
fine work, and is one of the most worthy places in the 
city. It does a great deal for the men and boys in 
many ways, and Eichmond feels a great pride in their 
success. It is a monument in part to the late D. L. 
Moody. It is on the corner of Sixth and Main. 

Near the Y. M. C. A. is the early home of Edgar 
Allen Poe, Fifth and Main. 

Belle Isle, an island in James river, opposite the city, 
is where the Federal prisoners were c:i_fined during the 
war. 



Richmond 31 

The State Penitentiary^ which is a place of interest 
to a great many persons, is situated near Hollywood 
Cemetery. 

Hollywood Cemtery, Richmond, is not exceeded in 
beauty by any other in the Union. Its natural growth 
of holly trees takes away any look of gloom even in 
winter. Twelve thousand Confederate soldiers are buried 
there near a beautiful monument of natural Virginia 
granite ninety feet high. 

A monument to General Pickett marks the spot of 
'^Gettysburg" hill. Some of the most famous men of 
the times are sleeping in Hollywood. Of the Presidents, 
James Monroe and John Tyler. At some distance from 
the two Presideiits of the United States is the burial 
place of Jefferson Davis. The "Davis section" is beau- 
tifully laid out, and a bronze statue of the President of 
the Confederacy, erected by his widow, adorns his grave. 
Beside him sleeps his daughter Winnie, at whose grave 
the "Daughters of the Confederacy" have erected a 
handsome monument. 

Among other famous persons buried there are Generals 
J. E. B. Stuart, Pickett, Wise, Pegram, William Smith, 
Commodore Maury, and John Randolph. 

The Confederate Soldiers' Home is situated in the 
western part of the city. It was founded by Lee Camp 
Confederate Veterans of Richmond, and has a great 
number of disabled, pensionless soldiers within its walls 
who are tenderlv cared for. 



Richmond 33 

Kichmond College, at the head of Grace street, is one 
of the finest colleges in the South. It has a fine library 
and museum. It has thirteen acres in its park and cam- 
pus, and the buildings are magnificent. 

The Commonwealth Club, corner Monroe and Frank- 
lin streets. 

Eichmond is one of the great trade centers of the 
South. Its tobacco interests are immense, while the 
wholesale business is very extensive in every line of trade. 
A great many factories and foundries are in full opera- 
tion, while the Richmond Locomotive Works is sending 
engines all over the world. 

The schools and colleges of the city are of a high 
order. 

Battle-Fields. 

Richmond, during the Civil War, was the center of 
the "mighty conflict." "On to Richmond" was the con- 
stant cry, and it seemed the one thing mostly to be de- 
sired. The suffering in the city among the oppressed 
people w^as something terrible, and while there has been 
much blame attached to the people of Richmond by 
some for the awful suffering among the prisoners held 
among them, many persons outside of the prisons un- 
used to want and hardships were faring very little bet- 
ter themselves. Such are the horrors of war. All the 
more horrible that the innocent must also suffer ! Among 
the nearest battle-fields to Richmond is that of Seven 



34 Richmond 

Pines or Fair Oaks. The Clay street or Broad street 
cars will take one out to the battle-field. The Clay street 
line, however, is more direct. All along the car lines 
may be seen old fortifications and breast woiks that still 
remain. This Seven Pines battle was fonght May 31, 
1862, and was a most severe conflict. The Confederates 
were nnder the command of Gen. Joseph ¥j. Johnston 
and the Federals nnder General McClellan. The Con- 
federates failed to accomplish their purpose, which was 
the capture or destruction of this advance corps. 

The battle was continued on Jnne 1st, l)ut without 
any decided result for either side. The loss on the Fed- 
eral side was 5,000 and the Confederates 6,000. 

Mechanicsville was the first of the "seven days^ fight 
around Eichmond."' The fight opened June 26, 1862, 
by A. P. Hill division, which crossed the Chickahominy 
at Meadow Bridge, followed by Longstreet and D. H. 
Hill, who crossed at Mechanicsville. Jackson did not 
arrive until next day. Fitz John Porter was command- 
ing this wing, and, finding Jackson approaching, re- 
tired during the night to Beaver Dam creek. 

Six miles from Mechanicsville was Cold Harbor and 
Gaine's Mill, nine miles from Eichmond. The battles 
fought at these places were among the most severe of the 
war. 

The length of Jackson's line of march delayed his ar- 
rival and his meeting with Hill and Longstreet. He, 
however, got his troops into position and made an as- 
sault on the Federal works and forced Porter to retreat. 



Richmond 



35 



Lee's forces amounted to about 47,000 against 35,000 
of Porter's command. 

Savage Station was the (.nird battle fought — June 
'29, 1863. Magruder's division against the Federals. 

Frazier's farm, or Glendale, was the next conflict — 
June 30, 1862. 




OLD BELL TOWER, Capitol Square. 

The next battle was at Malvern Hill — July 1, 1862 — 
McClellan commanding the Federals, General Lee the 
Confederates. 



86 Richmond 

During the seven days' fight around Kichmond ihe 
loss to the Confederates amounted to 17^000; the Fed- 
erals, 17,000. 

Cold Harl)or was the scene of another battle in Grant's 
campaign of 18(U. Here General Grant suffered the 
most disastrous result of the war, losing 13,000 men in 
less than an hour. The troops scattered and could not 
be urged to renew the conflict. 

The battle of Yellow Tavern was fought May 11. 
1861-. It defeated Sheridan's raid and saved Richmonl 
from capture. 

Fort Harrison, near the river, eight miles below Rich- 
mond, was captured by the Federal troops September 
29, 1861:. An attempt next day to recover proved futile. 

Chafin's Bluff is situated directly on the river a short 
distance from Drewry's Bluff. An attack was made on 
Drewry's Bluff on May 15, 18G2, by the gun boats Moni- 
tor, Galena and others. 

Dutch Gap and the Hewlett house are a few miles be- 
]ow Chafin's Bluff on the river. Dutch Gap is a canal 
cut througli a narrow neck of hind, around which the 
river makes a Ijcnd. It was begun during the war in 
1861: and completed after the war, and is now used by 
boats and steamers. 

Chukohes. 

Among the most noted churches in Richmond is Mon- 
umental Episcopal Church on Broad street below 





ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. 



38 



Richmond 



Twelfth. It was in process of building in 1812, I8I0 
and 1814, when it was completed. It is bnilt on what 
was called one hnndred and sixteen years ago ^^Theatrc 




Square.'" Kicliniond's first theatre was built in 1T8G. 
In that building the Convention met that ratified the 
Constitution of the United States. Attending the Con- 



Richmond 



39 



vention were James Madison and James Monroe, and Ed- 
mund Pendleton, George Mason and Patrick Henry. 
This bnilding was destroyed by fire in 1802. A new one 
soon arose. This second building was burned Deceui- 




TOMB OF PRES. MONROE, HoUywood. 

ber 26, 1811. A play, the "Bleeding Nun," was being 
played, and a large crowd were in attendance. Among 
others the Governor, who perished with seventy-two 



40 Richmond 

others in the flames. The ashes of the lost lie in a 
sealed vault at the southern entrance to the church, and 
their names are on a monument in the south portico of 
the church. 

Metliodists. — The Methodists churches of Eichmond 
have grown very rapidl}^ in the last ten 3^ears both in 
the city and suburbs, for while the growth in popula- 
tion has only been about 4 per cent., the increase in 
Methodist members has been 43 per cent. The follow- 
ing figures have reference only to the white membership 
district of Eichmond and Manchester : There are twenty 
Methodist churches, with an actual membership of 
7,739. The Methodist Mission, corner Nineteenth and 
Main streets, is doing a noble work, and is well worth 
the inspection of visitors to our city. Eev. J. T. Mastin 
is financial agent for this institution. 

In the Sunday-schools are enrolled 5,000 scholars. 
Value of church property, $370,000. 

The ministers of the Methodist churches of the city 
are men of a high order, and are notably in the lead in 
the temperance work and all other worthy causes that 
arise. 

Methodist Orphanage. — The Virginia Conference Or- 
phanage is an institution which takes care of destitute 
children of both sexes. It is the property of the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church, South, and is supported by volun- 
tary contributions of those who love little children and 
desire to help save them. It is situated one mile west of 



Richmond 41 

the city on a farm of seventy acres. Eev. J. T. Mastin 
is superintendent. 

Presbyterian Churclies. — In the city or suburbs within 
sight of the City Hall there are twelve Presbyterian 
churches, of which one is colored. Total membership 
in 1903 was 3,067. The first church, Grace and Madi- 
son streets. Rev. R. P. Kerr, pastor, is the oldest ; organ- 
ized in 1812. The other churches are: 

Grace and Fourth, Dr. Jere Witherspoon, pastor. 

Third Presbyterian Church, Broad and Twentieth, 
Rev. R. B. Eggleston, pastor. 

Second, ]\lain and Fifth, Dr. Russell Cecil, pastor. 

Manchester, Rev. J. T. Fix, pastor. 

Church of the Covenant, Harrison and Park avenue. 
Rev. J. Calvin Stuart, pastor. 

Westminster Church. Grove avenue. Rev. T. R. Eng- 
lish, pastor. 

Hoge Memoi'ial, Franklin and Nineteenth, Rev. J. E. 
Cook, pastor. 

First Colored Church, Monroe and Brook avenue, Rev. 
W. E. Partee, pastor. 

Mizpah Church, Chestnut Hill. 

Fairfield and Overbrook, Rev. D. K. Walthall, pastor. 

The First Presbyterian Church lias m operation a 
parochial school for girls. The Westminster School is 
on west Grace and Pine streets. The churches hold 
quarterly communion services first Sunday in each 
month, and the first Sunday night of the year united 



42 Richmond 

communion is held in one of the large churches. The 
Presbyterian people of Eichmond are considered wealthy 
and cultured, and have large influence in the religious 
movements of the city. Their ministers are highly edu- 
cated. 

The Baptists have in the city proper seventeen white 
cliurches, and in Manchester four churches, with an 
aggregate membership of 10,257. The list of the city 
churches are as follows : 

First, organized in 1780, Rev. Geo. Cooper, D. D. 

Second, Rev. W. L. R. Smith, D. D. 

Grace Street, Rev. 0. S. Gardner, D. D. 

Leigh Street, Rev. M. Ashby Jones. 

Pine Street, Rev. J. B. Hutson, D. D. 

Grove Avenue, Rev. J. B. Hawthorne, D. D. 

Fulton, Rev. J. D. Hicks. 

Yenable Street, Rev. W. T. 13erieux, D. D. 

Calvary, Rev. Weston Brunner, D. D. 

East End, Rev. J. T. Tucker. 

Fairmount, Rev. C. C. Cox. 

Immanuel, Rev. D. A. Solly. 

West View, Rev. I. M. Mercer, D. D. 

Randolph Street, Rev. I. S. Boyles. 

College View, Rev. Leslie Gwaltney. 

Barton Heights, Rev. W. T. Hundley. 

Broadus Memorial, Rev. C. P. Stealey. 

In Manchester there are : 

Bainbridge Street, Rev. E. V. Baldy. 



Richmond 43 

Stockton Street^ liev. J. W. Kiucheloe. 

Clopton Street, Eev. W. W. Sisk. 

Oak Grove, Eev. E. T. Smith. 

The Episcopal churches of the city are as follows : 

All Saints, Franklin and Madison, Eev. J. Yates 
Downman. 

Chapel of the Eedeemer, BoAvling Green Eoad, Chelsea 
Hill. 

Christ, 2120 Venable street, Eev. G. Otis Mead. 

Hoh^ Trinity (Moore Memorial), Laurel near Main, 
Eev. J. J. Gravatt. 

Epiphany, Barton Heights, Eev. C. E. Kuyk. 

Grace, Main and Foushee, Eev. Landon E. Mason. 

Holy Comforter, Grove Eoad. 

Monumental, 1224-1226 E. Broad, Wm. E. Evans, 
D. D. 

St. Andrew's Mission, G19-()21 Bevei ly. 

St. Andrew's, Laurel and Beverly, Thos. Semmes, 
I). D. 

St. John's, Twenty-fourth and Broad, Eev. E. A. 
Goodwin. 

St. Luke's, Washington and Beverly, Eev. Wm. T. 
Snead. 

St. James, Fifth and Marshall, Eev. W. Meade 
Clark. 

St. Mark's, First and Clay, Eev. B. L. Goodwin. 

St. PauFs, Ninth and Grace, Eev. Eobt. Strange, 
D. D. 



44 Richmond 

St. PauFs Mis.^ion, Rev. Robt. Strange, D. D. 

Weddell Memorial Cliapel, 520 Denny, Edwin B. 
Snead, 

Christian or Disciples. — Seventh-Street, Seventh and 
Grace. 

Marshall-Street, 919 AV. :\rarsliall, Rev. F. W. Troy. 

Third Christian, corner Twenty-sixth, Rev. P. A. 
Cave. 

West End, 7 X. :\rorris, Rev. P. H. Atkins. 

JewisJi. — Beth Ahaba Synagogue, Eleventh, Rev. E. 
X. Calisch. 

Keneseth Israel, 311 Mayo, Rev. Philips. 

Sir Moses Montefiore, 115 Mayo, Rev, Reuben Gra- 
liam. 

Lutheran.— Yiy>^t English. 205 X. Seventh, Rev. C. A. 
Marks. 

St. John's G.Tman, Eighth and Marshall, Rev. Paul 
Menzel. 

Trinity English, 1328 X. Twenty-ninth. 

Catholic. — St. Peter's, Eighth and Grace, Bishop Yan 
de Vyver; Rev. John Bowler, Rector. 

St. Patrick\s, 215-217 X. Twenty-tifth, Rev. Hugh 
McKeefrey. 

St. Mary's German, 314 E. Marshall, Rev. Wm. Mayer. 

Sacred Heart, Flovd avenue, Rev. J. B. O'Reillev. 



Richmond 45 

CoLOPvED Churches. 

Manchester, Va. — First Baptist Church, Eev. A. 
Binga, Jr., D. D., pastor. 

Second Baptist Church, Rev. D. Wehster Davis, A. M., 
pastor. 

Zion Baptist Churcli, Rev. W. Ashburn, pastor. 

Swansboro Baptist Church, Rev. R. Beecher Taylor, 
pastor. Membership, 1,800. 

Richmond, Va. — The First Baptist Church, College 
and Broad streets. Rev. W. T. Johnson, B. D., pastor. 

The Second Baptist Church, Byrd street between 
First and Second streets, Rev. Z. D. Lewis, D. D., pastor. 

The Ebenezer Baptist Chnrch, Judah and Leigh 
streets. Rev. W. H. Stokes, B. D., pastor. 

The Fourth Baptist Church (Church Hill), P street 
near Twenty-ninth, Rev. Evans Payne, pastor. 

The Fifth Baptist Church, W. Cary street. Rev. 
Joseph Perry, pastor. 

The Sixth Mt. Zion Baptist Church, St. John and 
Duval streets, Rev. R. Y. Peyton, pastor. 

The Fifth-Street Baptist Church, Fifth and Jackson 
streets, Rev. W. F. Graham, D. D., pastor. 

Moore-Street Baptist Church, ]\Ioore street near Gil- 
mer, Rev. R. 0. Johnson, B. D., pastor. 

The Sharon Baptist Church, First and Leigh streets, 
Rev. A. S. Thomas, pastor. 

Fountain Baptist Church, Tliirty-tirst and streets. 
Rev. H. R. Williams, pastor. 



Richmond 47 

<ialil('e Baptist (-hurcb. W. Moore street (Newtown), 
J^ev. W. W. Christie, pastor. 

Mt. Carmel Baptist Church, First and Hill streets, 
Rev. W. H. White, pastor. 

Mt. Calvary Baptist Church, Fulton, Rev. A. Fer- 
guson, pastor. 

Rising Mt. Zion Baptist Church, Fulton, Rev. F. W. 
Williams, B. D., pastor. 

Union Level Baptist Church, Fulton, Rev. A. E. 
Jeffries . 

Mt. Olivet Baptist Church, N". Twenty-fifth street. 
Rev. J. Andrew Bowler, pastor. 

Total membership, 16,525. 

Methodist. — A. M. E., Third street near Duval street. 

Leigh-Street M. E., near First street. 

Asbury M. E., Twenty-fifth street. 

Total membership, 450. 

Episcopal. — St. Pliilip^s P. E., St. James and Leigii 
streets. Membership, 200. 

The ^'spirit of brotherly love" among the diiferejit 
denominations of Richmond prevails universally, and 
no discord exists. T^arge union meetings are held the 
lirst Sunday in i\Iay of each year, in which all unite, 
the first being held as a memorial to the late Dr. Moses 
!). lioge, who was beloved by the entire city. The "ex- 
change of pulpits" is of freqnent occurrence among the 
uiinisters of the citv. 




I 



■M ««■•- 




Richmond 49 

Public Schools. 

The public school system of Richmond was inaugu- 
rated in 1869 upon the application of a number of citi- 
zens irrespective of party. For the first year the schools 
were sustained by appropriations from the city treasury 
and from the Peabody Educational Fund. The next 
year they were adopted into the State system as a part 
of the regular school organization of the State. They 
are now supported by appropriations from the State 
School Fund and from the city treasury. They have 
grown steadily from 52 schools, 52 teachers and 2,400 
pupils in 1869 to 272 schools, 253 teachers and 12,014 
pupils. Following is a list of the school buildings : 

Richmond High School, No. 805 E. Marshall. 

Nicholson, No. 308 Nicholson. 

Springfield, Twenty-sixth and Leigh. 

Bellevue, Twenty-second and Broad. 

Marshall, Nineteenth and Marshall. 

Central, No. 407 N. Twelfth. 

Eeigh, corner First and Leigli. 

Madison, No. ^19 W. Gary. 

Elba, No. 1000 W. Marshall. 

West End, No. 1520 W. Main. 

Randolph, corner Randolph and (4iaffin. 

(Jolored. — Normal, corner '^rwelfth and Leigh. 

Fulton, No. 205 Orleans. 

East P]nd, corner Twenty-ninth and 0. 

Valley, corner Eighteenth and Marshall. 



50 



Richmond 




FIRST AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCH. 



Richmond 51 

Navy Hill, corner Fifth and Duval. 
Baker^ corner St. Paul and Baker. 
Moore, No. 1113 Moore. 
Monroe, Leigh and St. Peter. 

Number schools 272 

Number principals 18 

Number teachers (white) 174 

Number teachers (colored) 79 

Total 543 

Total enrollment (white) 7,535 

Total enrollment (colored) 4,479 

Total 12,014 

Valuation of school property $500,000 

The school buildings recently erected are finely 
('([iiipped with all uu:)dern improvements. Each school 
is under the charge of a white male principal. 

Colleges. 

Union Theological Seminarij, the oldest and largest 
iustitution of the kind in the Southern Presbyterian 
Church, was founded in 1812 by the Synod of Virginia 
in connection Avith Hampden-Sidney College. In 182G 
the- Synods of Virginia and North Carolina became as- 



52 



Richmond 



sociated in its government, and it took the name of 
Union Seminary. In 1898 it was removed to its pres- 
ent site on Brook Turnpike just north of the city. This 
site of eleven acres was donated by the late Major Lewis 
Ginter, and is occupied by three handsome public build- 
ings and five residences. Watts' Hall, the main or ad- 





^. If 5 






RICHMOND COLLEGE. 

ministration building, with the chapel annexed, was the 
gift of Geo. W. Watts, Esq., of North Carolina, and the 
Spence Library was the gift of Mr. W. W. Spence, of 
Baltimore, Md. The Seminary has an endowment by 
which it is supported, and its entire assets amount to 
something like a half million dollars, the grounds and 
buildings being estimated at $186,000. 



64 



Richmond 



The Seminary has a full theological course of three 
years, taught by five professors, and confers the degree 
of B. D. There are no charges for tuition, and while it 
is a Presbyterian Seminary, its doors are open to min- 
isterial students of all denominations. 

The institution is easily reached by the Lakeside cars 
from First and Broad streets. 




HARTSHORN MEMORIAL COLLEGE. 

Hartshorn Memorial College, on West Leigh street 
and Lombardy avenue, founded by Joseph C. Harts- 
horn, of Ehode Island, chartered 1884 with full collegi- 
ate and university powers, has tasteful buildings and 
fine, ample grounds. The object of the institution is 



Richmond 



55 



the advanced education of young colored women. Tt 
maintains industrial, normal and collegiate depart- 
ments, and lays special emphasis upon Biblical and 
Christian training. The normal graduates have made 
for themselves fine reputations. Visitors are welcomed. 
The University College of Medicine, founded by the 
late Dr. Hunter McGuire and his associates, is located 




Y. M. C A., 6th and Main. 

at the northwest corner of Clay and Twelfth street^s, on 
the site formerly occupied as a residence by Hon. Alex- 
ander H. Stephens while Vice-President of the Confed- 
erate States. The growth of this college in numbers 
and influence has been extraordinar}^, and it is now 
recognized throughout the United States as one of the 
leaders in modern scientific medical education. 



56 



Richmond 



Its booklet on "Teaching Methods" has received ex- 
tended notice, and may be called an authority on the 
subject. 

The Virginia Hospital adjoins the University Col- 
lege of Medicine, whose faculty constitute its medical 
and surgical staff. The equipments and furnishings of 
this hospital are thoroughly up-to-date and complete in 




GEN. LEE'S RESIDENCE DURING CIVIL WAR. 

every detail. There is also a training school for nurses 
of a three years' course. 

The Hunter McGuire Memorial Annex is devoted 
entirely to charitable patients. 



Richmond 



57 



Smithdeal Practical Business College. 



Beffinninii' 



with the establishment of the Old Dominion Business 




College in Richmond, Avhich the proprietor of the Smith - 
deal College bought and united with his own in 1889, 



58 Richmond 

the Smithclea] Business College has had an existence in 
this city of thirty-six years. It is the oldest business 
college in the State, and the only one owning a build- 
ing (one of the finest in the city) erected for its use. 
This institution has steadily grown until it has become 
one of the best and most favorably known schools of the 
kind in the country. The Philadelphia stenographer 
says, "It is the leading business college south of the Po- 
tomac river." Ladies and gentlemen may enter any de- 
partment any time, as there are no vacations. Its teach- 
ers are scliolarly and practical, four of whom are authors 
of valuable books. 

The demand by business men for the students of this 
institution is often five times greater than the supply. 
As many as six applications per day have been sent in 
for book-keepers, stenographers and other office help. 

Medical College of Virginia, corner of Marshall and 
College streets, was established in 1838, has had a long 
and successful career. It comprises three independent 
departments of medicine, dentistry and pharmacy. 
This was the only medical college in the Confederacy 
which did not close its doors during the four years of 
war between the States. 

Virginia U7iion University, combining Wayland Semi- 
nary, formerly of Washington, D. C, and also the Rich- 
mond Theological Seminary, on Main street. It is a 
Christian school of learning, and affords opportunities 
of a high order for colored students for their life work. 



Richmond 



59 



This institution is controlled by the Baptists, and lia: 
nearl}^ four hundred students in attendance. 




Virginia MecJiaiiics' Insiifiitr, organized at corner 
Eleventh and Main streets December o, 1884. Capt. 
George A. Ainslie, president; Ashton Starke, vice-presi- 



Richmond 61 

dent; W. E. Simons, treasurer; Tlioinas Ellett, secre- 
tary. A night pcliool of technology with 117 scholars, 
with seven voluntary teachers and substitutes, with an 
appropriation from the city of Richmond of $1,000. It 
now, in its eighteenth session, lias matriculated 31:7 
scholars, with 19 teachers, and an appropriation of 
$8,000 from the city, Avhich will enal)le the institute 
to add more classes, which are very important, as they 
are a real necessity to the working young men of this 
community. This school is practically free, oidy re- 
quiring the nomiuval sum of $3.00 per session for each 
entry. The present officers are : W. J. Whitehurst, presi- 
dent; J. J. Montague, vice-president; W. E. Simons, 
treasurer; Thomas Ellett, secretary. Handsome new 
])uilding, corner Eleventh and Broad streets, Richmond, 

Richmond College, Riclunond, Ya. (Founded 
183.2). — The ten college buildings stand in a park of 
thirteen acres in the best residential section of the city. 
The buildings cost $300,000. The total value of the 
plant and endowment exceeds one million dollars. 

Instruction is offered in languages, sciences, philoso- 
phy and jurisprudence. Courses of study lead to the 
deo-rees of B. S., B. A., M. A., and Bachelor of Law. 
There are nine professors and two assistants in the col- 
lege of liberal arts, and three pr;)t'essors in the depart- 
ment of law. 

The Jeter Memorial LibraiT, the Thomas Art Hall 
and Museum, and the laboratories of Chemistry and 



62 Richmond 

Pliysics arc; open to visitors daily, 10 A. M. to 6 P. M. 
Persons interested in education are cordially invited to 
visit tlie college. 

The present enrolment of students is 220, represent- 
ing nearly every Southern State, several Northern 
States and Canada and Brazil. Fees and expenses are 
moderate. 

The next session begins in Septendjer. For catalogue 
and full information address 

PiiEsiDENT F. W. BOATWRIGHT, 

Eichmond, Va. 

Hotels. 

The magnificent and newly equipped Murphy's Hotel 
is situated at the corner of Eighth and Broad streets on 
the Broad and Eighth-street car lines. Meals served on 
the European plan. Fine baths. The most centrally 
located hotel in the city, and convenient to all points of 
interest. 

The Jefferson, Richmond, Va. — The remodeled por- 
tion — Franklin street end — of this magnificent hotel 
was reopened for the reception of guests on May 15, 
1902, and is conducted upon the European plan ex- 
clusively. Kooms, single and en suite, with private baths 
and parlors. Turkish, Eussian and Eoman baths. Long- 
distance 'phone in each room. Eailroad ticket and tele- 



Richmond 



63 



graph offices in hotel. Baggage checked to destination. 
Address, The Jefferson, Kichmond, Va. 

The Jefferson Hotel is one of the most elegant hotels 




THE JEFFERSON HOTEL. 



in the South, and always filled to its utmost capacity. 
It is situated in a heautiful part of the city, and tourists 
visiting the city will find at the Jefferson the most ele- 
gant rooms, baths, and everything to be desired for their 
comfort. 



64 



Richmond 



Ford's Hotel, near Capitol Square, is a commodious 
building and accessible to all points of interest. 

Ruegers Hotel and Restaura^it, Ninth and Bank 
streets, near entrance Capitol Square, William Rueger, 
proprietor, is a very popular hotel. 




^W^ 



-ii. 




BIJOU THEATRE. 

Davis' Hotel and Restaurant, opposite Main-street de- 
pot. Meals to travelers a specialty. Attentive waiters. 
Reasonable rates. 

The Lexington, corner Twelfth and Main, is a well es- 
tablished hotel and conveniently located for travelers ; 
near Capitol Square. 



Richmond 65 

The well-equipped building of the Central Young 
Men's Christian Association, costing over $50,000, is 
located on the corner of Main and Sixth streets. The 
organization has a membership of almost a thousand, 
representing all denominations, professions and trades. 
The home of the association is well arranged for its 
purposes. It contains a large lecture hall, educational 
class-rooms, library, public reading room, a well- 
equipped gymnasium and very fine baths. The associa- 
tion has three departments in different sections of the 
city — ^^the Main-Street Station Railroad Department, in 
the Main-Street Station Building; a department at the 
University College of Medicine, and also at the Medi- 
cal College of Virginia. In addition there are three 
other associations in the city — Richmond College Asso- 
ciation, the City Colored Association, located at the 
corner of Leigh and Third streets, and an association 
for the colored students at the Virginia Union Uni- 
versity. These associations and departments have a com- 
bined membership of almost seventeen hundred, and ex- 
ert a powerful influence in the city. The average daily 
attendance at the Central Association is over four hun- 
dred. At the Central building there are conducted fif- 
teen educational classes and twelve Bible classes each 
week, and nineteen gymnasium classes and three re- 
ligious meetings. The association also conducts shop 
Bible classes in the industrial establishments. In addi- 
tion two entertainment courses are conducted and other 



66 Richmond 

lielpfiil features. Young men are reeeived into member- 
ship at any season of the year, and are most cordially 
invited to join. 

The State Bank of Virginia, Richmond, Va. — Capi- 
tal, $500,000; surplus, $240,000. John S. EUett, presi- 
dent; Wm. M. Hill, cashier. Directors: Alexander 
Cameron, John S. Ellett, T. C. Williams, Jr., Granville 
n. Valentine, James D. Crump, J. M. Fourqurean, A. 
II. Ellerson, Horace S. Hawes, and J. L. Antrim. Safe 
deposit boxes for rent. 

Eichmond is well supjjlied with architects of a high 
order, and liandsome churches, business houses and pa- 
latial residencts attest the line of work in which they are 
engaged. Among the leading architects of the city is 
1). Wiley Anderson, ^To. 920 East Main street, who 
inakes a specialty of high-grade buildings in the line of 
churches, schools, and residences. 

The Colored Young Mens Christian Association, 214 
East Leigh street, organized 1889, has a board of direc- 
tors who watch the work with care. Under the gen- 
eral direction of a general secretary. Membership, 
200. Botli white and colored are interested. The work 
has done much towards reaching the boys and men and 
is still very active. R. T. Hill, president; S'. C. Bur- 
rell, general secretary. 

Woman's Christian Association. — The Woman's 
Christian Association was organized in 1887 by sixty 
ladies of the Episcopal Church, but a motion was made 



p 





"•-SV^LttWi I iiin^iiifiir 



LEE MONUMENT. 



6S Richmond 

and carried to make it non-sectarian. Mr. Joseph Bryan 
being the first to contribute, his contribution being the 
sum of five liundred dollars^ from which small beginning 
tliey have grown to the present elegant buildings, Nos. 
709 and 711 East Franklin street, while they own also 
a building on Nineteenth and Grace streets called the 
"Belle S. Bryan Day N^ursery and Free Kindergarten,'' 
where little ones are cared for whose mothers are at 
work in factories and other places. They also conduct 
a boarding house, Xo. 2608 East Franklin street, for 
young women employed in that portion of the city. 

At the 709 and 711 home on Franklin permanent and 
transient boarders are taken, and ladies traveling alone 
can feel confident of a home-like. Christian resting 
place among the ladies of the Woman's Christian As- 
sociation. 

Historic Homes. 

Among the historic homes in Richmond there is per- 
liaps none that stands out in such bold relief as the 
home of Jefferson Davis, the "white house of the Con- 
federacy." It stands at the corner of Twelfth and Clay 
streets, and is used as a Confederate museum. Miss 
Winnie Davis was born in this house. 

The home of Gen. E. E. Lee, on Franklin street, is 
now used as the "Virginia Historical Society." The 
stone on the sidewalk in front of the house is said to be 
the one on which he dismounted when coming home from 
the surrender at Appomattox in 1865. 



70 



Richmond 



The home of C-hief-Justice John Marshall, on the cor- 
ner of Ninth and ^Marshall streets, is a very interesting- 
house, and is now occupied by the granddaughter of 
John Marshall. The grounds formerly embraced an 
entire square. The lawn, garden and office of the chief- 
justice stood in former days where imposing buildings 




HOME FOR CONFEDERATE WOMEN, 

have since been reared. He resided in this house from 
1795 to 1835. 

Perhaps no more interesting home in former days was 
more frequented by persons of culture than what was 
known as the "Eitchie Cottage,'' the home of the tal- 



Richmond 71 

ented and git'tcd aiiiliorcss and actiTs.s, Cora Atowatt 
Kitchie. She was oiu' of the most famous women of her 
day, her works of fiction being i-ead with great interest 
both in America and England. She was twice married, 
her second l.usband being William F. Ritchie, editor of 
a Richmond paper — Enquirer (uid Examiner — in about 
1854. The 'liitchie Cottage^' is on Ninth street, No. 
016, and is now the lumie of ex-Postmaster O. H. Rus- 
sell. 

The A^an Lew home. Twenty-fourth and Grace streets, 
was during the late Civil War made famous from the 
fact tliat in that house were hidden the Federal soldiers 
who "tunneled" out of Libby Prison. It is now nsed as 
the Virginia Clnbhouse. 

Secret Orders. 

Among the organizations the Masonic fraternity are 
among the most prominent. They own one of the most 
beautiful temples in the South, and it is a source of pride 
to the entire city. Great gatherings are held there of a 
social nature, and the "Masonic Temple'^ is a building of 
which all may be justly proud. 

The Odd Fellows are iiumerous, and have some very 
fine halls. They have grown in nundjers in the last three 
years more tlian any oilier organization in the city. 

The Ileptasophs are an order of high standing, and 
nundjcr in their ranks many of the most prominent men 
in the city. 



72 Richmond 

The Junior Order United American Mechanics are 
numerous and active^ and have a large membership in 
Riclimond. They liave a number of fine halls. 

The ''Elks' own one of the most beautiful homes in 
the eitv, corner of Eleventh and Clay. They have a 
large membership. 

There are a number of military organizations in Kich- 
mond, among which is Lee Camp, whicli own their own 
hall on Broad street, and have one of the finest picture 
galleries in the South. Some of the finest portraits of 
the Confederate generals in existence are to be found in 
Lee Camp Hall. 

George E. Pichett Camp meets on Seventh street. 

There are four fine armories in Richmond, viz. : 

Regimental Armory, Seventh and Marshall streets. 

Blues' Armory, Xinth and Cary streets. - 

Howitzers' x\rmory, 616 Xorth Eighth street. 

Cavalry Armory, 615 North Seventh street. 

There are also man}^ organizations conducted by 
ladies. The most prominent one and the one having the 
largest membership is the "Woman's Christian Temper- 
ance Union," there being in the city ten white and nine 
colored unions. Central W. C. T. IT. has the honor of 
being the oldest union in the State, and was organized 
by Frances Willard in 188'^. The young woman's brancli 
is designated as the " Y's." 

The King's Daugliters have a number of circles in the 
city and do a great amount of charitable work, the 
Sheltering Arms Hospital being under their care. 



Richmond 



73 



Eeal Estate. 

Mr. A. J. Chewning is the senior member of the well- 
known firm of A. J. Chewning Co., Times Building, 
leading real estate agents of this city. His firm handles 
city property, farms, mineral lands, etc. Home seekers 
and investors would do well to advise with him. 

The real estate interests of Riclimond are represented 
by reliable firms, and information regarding properties 
are cheerfully given. The leading firm in the city is the 
A. J. Chewning Co. 




Mr. A. J. Chewning's Summer Residence in Louisa 
County. 














5j- 



Richmond 75 

R. B. Chaffin & Co., insurance agents, No. 1 N"ortli 
Tenth street. Real estate in all its branches. City and 
country property bought, sold and exchanged. Largest 
list of farm property in the State. Free catalogue 
mailed to any address. 

The most beautiful line of souvenir flags to be found 
in the city is shown in the Smithdeal Building by the 
firm of J. Ross Jones & Brother, made from the model 
of the flag used during the war, of both silk and cotton. 
Special attention shown travelers and strangers. 

The Memorial Hospital, corner Broad and Twelfth 
streets. This elaborate hospital was built by the gener- 
osity of a number of liberal and public-spirited gentle- 
men. It is planned on the most scientific principles, 
Xvith a* capacity for one hundred and thirty-eight beds. 
It is one of the most thoroughly up-to-date hospitals in 
the South and an ornament to the city. 

Kellam Cancer Hospital has a wide reputation, and 
is constantly filled with patients. It is situated very 
near the Capitol Square in a popular location. No 
knives are used in the removal of cancers. Trained 
nurses are in attendance, and every attention is shown 
patients in this popular hospital. Circulars furnished 
on application. 

The Retreat for the Sich, under a board of lady man- 
agers, is situated on Twelfth street. 

The Sheltering Arms Hospital is a charitable hospital 



76 



Richmond 



under the management of a board of lady managers, 
1008 East Clay street. 

McGuire's Hospital, in the western part of the city, 
is a finely-equipped building, was founded by the late 
Dr. Hunter McGuire. 

The Little 8is*ters of the Poor do a great deal of char- 
ity, and have a fine building in the western part of the 
city. 



msmmw!^^ 



The Home for- Needy Confederate Women, No. 1726 
Grove avenue, was established October 15, 1900, for the 
purpose of caring for wives, daughters and mothers of 
Confederate soldiers who were left destitute by the war. 
No admittance fee is charged. This home is doing a 
much needed work, and has the sympathy of persons 
from all sections of the country. 

There are several church homes for aged women; 



Richmond 



77 




FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH- 
Organized 1812. Present Building Erected 1884. 



78 Richmond 

also a fine institution known as the Home for Incur- 
ables. 

Newspapers. 

Neivs-Leader, Alfred B. Williams, editor; Leland 
Rankin, publisher. Consolidated January 26, 1903, 
from The Leader, established 189T, and The News, es- 
tablished 1890. Circulation over 27,500 each day. Pub- 
lished every afternoon except Sunday. 

Baltimore and Biclimond Christian Advocate, estab- 
lished in 1832. Leading Methodist paper in the State. 
Has a large circulation, and is the representative paper 
among the Methodists. 

The Times-Dispatch, by The Times-Dispatch Com- 
pany. Joseph Bryan, president; J. Stewart Bryan, 
vice-president; A. R. Holderby, Jr., secretary and trea- 
surer. The Times, established 1886 ; TJie Dispatch, es- 
tablished 1850; consolidated January 27, 1903. Pub- 
lished every day except Monday. Read by everybody in 
Richmond and the whole State of A^irginia. 

Anzeiger, morning, except Sunday and Monday, and 
Virginische Zeitung, Sundays, German. 

News-Leader, evening, except Sunday. 

Times-Dispatch, morning, except Monday. 

Virginia Staats-Gazette, morning, except Monday, 
and Dersueden, Sundays ; German. 

Catholic Visitor, weekly. 

Central Preshyte^ian, weekly. 

Christian Advocate, weekly. 



^i'^'-^m- 




m 



80 Richmond 

Planet, weekly; negro. 
Reformer, weekly; negro. 
Religious Herald, weekly. 
Souilicrn Churchman, weekly. 

Souihern Tobacconist and Manufacturers' Record, 
weekly. 

Virginia Baptist, weekly. 

Virginia Medical Semi-Monthly. 

Aniinal Life, monthly. 

Atlantic Educational Journal, monthly. 

Christian Monthly. 

Ecce Homo, monthly. 

Farmer Student, monthl}'. 

Foreign Mission Journal, monthly. 

Journal of Practice, monthly. 

Progressive South, monthly. 

Southern Clinic, monthly. 

Southei'n Planter, monthly. 

Trade Journal, monthly. 

Virginia Odd-Fellow, monthly. 

Virgiiiia School Journal, monthly. 

Woman, monthly. 

Clinic Bulletin, bi-monthly. 

Home and School, monthly (Smithdeal). 

One of the largest enterprises in the South — The Vir- 
ginia-Carolina Chemical Company — has its headquarters 
in this city. Its officers, who are gentlemen well known 
in business and social circles, are S. T. Morgan, presi- 



Richmond 81 

dent; S. W. Travers, treasurer; S. D. Crenshaw, secre- 
tary, and E. T. Orgain, auditor. 

They have offices and factories in nearly all of the 
Southern States, and manufacture the highest grades of 
fertilizers. They probably do the most extensive busi- 
ness in that line in the world. 

Among the most useful and appreciated line of busi- 
ness to not only the housekeeper, but to the gentlemen 
as well, is the Steam Dyeing and Scouring and Carpet- 
Cleaning Works of Mrs. A. J. Pyle, No. 315 N. Fifth 
street, of this city. 

The business was established in 1880, and is one of the 
most enterprising and worthy establishments of Kich- 
mond. Mrs. Pyle is also the inventor of "Acme Eeno- 
vator,'' that is used for cleaning carpets and clothing. 

There is in connection with the establishment a fac- 
tory for making rugs from carpets. 

The Old Swan Tavern.— The Old Swan Tavern, be- 
tween Eighth and Ninth, on Broad street, is one of the 
ancient land marks of the city. It was much frequented 
in fonner years by the actors and actresses that were 
playing at the Theatre, corner Seventh and Broad. 
Joseph Jefferson, the celebrated actor of "Kip Van 
Winkle " fame, was a guest there years ago when he 
was a member of a stock company at the above theatre, 
and had the misfortune to lose one of his children from 
scarlet fever while he was boarding at the Old Swan 



82 



Richmond 




Richmond 83 

Tavern. It is now used for various shops — small wares 
generally — and is in a very dilapidated condition. 

Virginia is fast becoming the home of many northern 
people. The climate of Virginia is better suited to per- 
sons coming from the extreme North than the more 
Southern States, as the change from the one to the other 
climate is not so great, and colonies are being formed for 
" winter homes " in a great many localities. The larg.i 
plantations of former days are being sold otf in section^, 
and many noted people are taking advantage of the sale 
of these historic homes. Among the most enterprising 
agencies in this line of work is the '" Virginia Land 
Agency/' Palmyra, Va., situated near the beautiful homj 
of Thomas JefPerson — " Monticello '^ — and of Jame? 
Madison, and many other places of note. It is an ideal 
spot for a beautiful southern home. Distance from 
Kichmond, fifty miles. Infonnation cheerfully given by 
Virginia Land Agency, Palmyra, Va. 

The Old Stone House, Nineteenth and Main. — The 
building on Main, near Nineteenth street, built of cob- 
ble-stones in an unhewn state, has long been considered 
and marked as the headquarters of George Washington; 
when, in truth, it was the headquarters of General La- 
fayette, and, if he received while in Kichmond visits 
from Washington, it was during his stay in this house, 
the home of Jacob Ege, who came to this country from 
Germany and l)uilt this house early in the eighteenth 
century. They entertained in their home many distin- 



84 



Richmond 




86 Richmond 

guished persons^ among others, James Monroe, who was 
a personal friend of the family, as was Lafayette. This 
property has remained in the Ege family for several 
generations. 

Valentine's Studio. — Among the distinguished men 
of our city, none rank higher in the world of art than 
Edward Virginius Valentine, the artist and sculptor. 
He was born in Eichmond, Xovember 12, 1838, and in 
early life developed a taste for art. He received instruc- 
tion from the best teachers in this countr}^, after which 
he went to Germany and studied under some of the most 
eminent teachers. On his return to his native city he 
opened a studio in 1865 at 801 E. Leigh street, where he 
still resides. The lovers of art should not fail to visit 
the studio of this celebrated sculptor. Among the most 
beautiful statues made by Valentine — the recumbent 
statue of General E. E. Lee — is among the most cele- 
brated. The statue of Stonewall Jackson, in Lexington, 
is a fine work of art. It was unveiled in 1883. In 
idealistic work, "Andromache and Aslyanax '^ is his 
masterpiece. A great many beautiful busts adorn his 
statue, which must be seen to be appreciated. He has, 
among others, " Uncle Henry '' and " The Nation's 
Ward," which are typical types of our southern negroes. 
The beautiful statue of Jefferson, in the Jefferson Hotel, 
is also the work of Valentine. Visitors are cordially 
welcomed to his studio. 



Richmond 87 

Among the leading jewelers of the city, C. Lums- 
den & Son, 731 Main street, are among the most reli- 
able. They are an old established firm and carry a 
fine line of optical goods and jewelry. 

Richmond in the past has been visited by severe fires, 
and insurance from losses by fire is a serious considera- 
tion. Among the most reliable companies of the city 
is the Virginia State Insurance Company, of Rich- 
mond, organized 1865. Assets exceed $550,000. Losses 
paid exceed $2,500,000. 

Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company of Philadel- 
])hia. Organized 1847. Issues all the new and most 
approved forms of policies; for protection, for invest- 
ment, and for both combined. Five per cent, gold 
bond policies a specialty. Guarantees protection and 
income to men and Avomen. For ifuil information, 
call on or address 

CUNNINGHAM HALL, 

General Agent, 

Phone 159L 1117 Main St., Richmond, Va. 



CONT^ENTS. 

Page. 

Introductory 5 

Washington Monument 7 

Washington Houdoun Statue 11 

J. E. B. Stuart Monument 10 

Confederate Soldiers Monument .13 

Howitzers Monument . . . 13 

A. P. Hill Monument 14 

Lee Monument 67 

Portrait of William Byrd 1 

Post-office ■' 8 

State Library (Portrait Gallery) 15 

State Library (Illustration) 19 

Speaker's Chair (House of Burgesses) 16 

Old S'tove 22 

Show Case in Library Building 24 

Capitol Disaster 24 

State Library (description of) 24 

Agricultural Department 25 

Streets 26 

City Llall 26 

Street Cars 27 

St. John's Church . . .27 

Old Masonic Hall 28 



90 Richmond 

New Masonic Hall 29 

Oakwood Cemetery 29 

Hollywood Cemetery 31 

Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument 28 

Confederate Soldiers' Home 31 

Young Men's Christian Association 30 

Lee Camp Soldiers' Home (Illustration) 32 

Battle Fields 33 

Old Bell Tower 35 

Tomb of President Mouroe 39 

Burning of Richmond Theatre 38 

Churches 36 

Methodist 40 

Presbyterian 41 

Baptist 42 

Episcopal 43 

Disciples 44 

Jewish 44 

Lutheran 44 

Catholic 44 

Colored Churches 45 

Medical College of A'irginia (Illustration) 46 

University College of Medicine (Illustration) 48 

ITni versify College of Medicine (Descriptive) 55 

Medical College of Virginia ( Descriptive) 58 

Public Schools 49 

Colleges 51 

Union Theological Seminary 51 

3V.'7--251 
Lot-3B 



Richmond 91 

Richmond College (Illustration) 52 

Hartshorn Memorial College 54 

Virginia Hospital (Descriptive) 56 

Smithdeal Business College 57 

Virginia Mechanics' Institute 58 

Virginia Union University 59 

Richmond College (Descriptive) 61 

Hotels 62 

Murphy's 62 

Jefferson 63 

Ford^s Hotel 6-t 

Rueger's 64 

Lexington 64 

Davis Restaurant 64 

Young Men's Christian Association (Illustration) . .65 

Young Men's Christian Association (Colored) 66 

State Bank of A'irginia 66 

Architects 66 

Woman's Christian Association 67 

Historic Homes 68 

Secret Orders 71 

Odd Fellows 71 

Heptasophs 71 

Junior Order American Mechanics 72 

Elks 72 

Lee Caui|) 72 

Pickett Canij) 72 

Masons 71 



92 Richmond 

Woman's Christian Temperance Union 72 

King's Daughters 72 

Valentine's Studio 87 

Land Agency 85 

Old Stone House 85 

Dyeing Establishment 83 

Old Swan Tavern 83 

!N"ewspapers 79 

Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company 81 

Governor's Mansion 76 

Eeal Estate 73 

Memorial Hospital 75 

Souvenir Flags 75 

Kellam Cancer Hospital 75 

Retreat for Sick 75 

Sheltering Arms Hospital 75 

Home for Needy Confederate Women 77 

Little Sisters of the Poor 77 

McGuire's Hospital 77 

Richmond College (Descriptive) 61 

Home of John Marshall 70 

Ritchie Cottage 70 

Van Lew Home 71 

Jeff. Davis Mansion 68 





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